School of Criminal Justice College of Social Science

PSO Resources

2024 PSO Research in Review

2023 PSO Research in Review

Most Recent

PSO PERSPECTIVE: Leaders and Leavers: The Impact of Poor Leadership on Police Attrition

Project contact: Sarah Charman & Jemma Tyson

Police Recruitment through an Intergroup Communication Lens: A Randomized Experiment (Journal of Experimental Criminology)

Project contact: Shawn Hill

PSO PERSPECTIVE: Professional Staff: Job Satisfaction and the Impact on Police Staffing

Project contact: Tanya Meisenholder

Optimizing Law Enforcement Agency Websites for Effective and Inclusive Recruitment (RTI International)

Project contact: Jenn Rineer

Navigating Entry: The Role of Exposure and Career Fit Negotiation in Women's Pathways to Policing in the United States (Justice Quarterly)

Project contacts: Samantha Clinkinbeard & Rachael Rief

Patrol Officer Aactivity by Single- Versus Double-Crewed Status: The Call-Related Output of One-officer and Two-officer Patrol Units (Journal of Criminal Justice)

Project contact: Rylan Simpson

Finding Success from Within (Police Chief)

Project contact: Ashleigh Wojslawowicz

Pioneering Integration and Leadership in Policing (Police Chief)

Project contact: Tanya Meisenholder

PSO PERSPECTIVE: Prioritizing Police Recruitment Tactics Based on Performance and Need

Project contacts: Jeremy Wilson, Clifford Grammich & Ethan Humphrey

Police Staffing: Global Perspectives and Local Realities (Policing: An International Journal)

Project contacts: Ian Adams, Scott Mourtgos, & Jeremy Wilson

PSO PERSPECTIVE: Not Forgetting the Case Study: Why Internal Staffing Research Must Continue

Project contact: Ashleigh Wojslawowicz

"Hot, Dumpster Fire, Mess": Police Personnel Perceptions of the Current State of Mental Health in Law Enforcement. (International Journal of Police Science & Management)

Project contact: Kathleen Padilla

Trauma, Critical Incidents, Organizational and Operational Stressors: The Relationship Between Harms and Psychological Outcomes for Police (Police Quarterly)

Project contact: Jacqueline Drew

When Your Reputation Precedes you: Strategic Recruitment for Enhancing Diversity (Policing: An International Journal)

Project contact: Ann Marie Ryan

Elevated Police Turnover Following the Summer of George Floyd Protests (Applied Police Briefings)

Project contacts: Scott Mourtgos, Ian Adams & Justin Nix

Police as Catalysts for a More Perfect Union (COPS Office)

Project contact: Mo McGough

Can Police Optimize Resource Allocation in Lean Times? An Effciency-Based Approach (Applied Police Briefings)

Project contact: Erik Alda

PSO PERSPECTIVE: "Crisis" Versus "Challenge": Field Lessons for Building Police Workforces

Project contacts: Jeremy Wilson, Clifford Grammich & Terry Cherry

Revamping Police Recruitment: A Strategic Shift Toward Inclusivity and Diversity (Police1)

Project contact: Jenn Rineer

Research Review: Law Enforcement Rrecruitment Messaging for Female Applicants (Police1)

Project contact: Jenn Rineer

The Show Must Go On: An Autoethnography of (Re)socialization Into Senior Policing in England and the Prominence "Leadership Theatre" (Journal of Contemporary Ethnography)

Project contact: Sarah Charman

The Representation of Women in Policing and Community Policing Implementation (Michigan State University Thesis)

Project contact: Somin Kim

Challenges Faced by Women Officers as They Pursue Promotions (Applied Police Briefings)

Project contact: Natalie Todak

90% of Michigan State Troopers Are White - Why Making the Force More Representative is a Challenge (The Conversation)

Project contact: Ann Marie Ryan

Not Just a Numbers Game: Assessing the Journey of Women in Policing from Representation to Inclusion (The Political Quarterly)

Project contact: Sarah Charman

The Police Staffing Crisis: Evidence-Based Approaches for Building, Balancing and Optimizing Effective Workforces (Policing: A Journal of Policy & Practice)

Project contacts: Jeremy Wilson & Toby Miles-Johnson

Debunking Myths of Police Staffing Benchmarks (Michigan Police Chiefs)

Project contacts: Jeremy Wilson & Clifford Grammich

Improving Police Recruitment Outcomes for Women through Physical Fitness Support Programs (Policing)

Project contact: Mo McGough

To Train or Educate? Or Train and Educate?: The Australian Police Recruit Training Versus Tertiary Education Dilemma (Policing)

Project contact: Toby Miles-Johnson

Improving Police Recruitment Outcomes for Women through Physical Fitness Support Programs (Policing)

Project contact: Mo McGough

The Final Frontier: Police Culture for Women in Men's Spaces (Policing: An International Journal)

Project contact: Natalie Todak

Gender Differences in Workplace Incivility Experiences and their Impacts on the Well-being and Retention of Women in Law Enforcement Organizations (Policing)

Project contact: Russell Hassan

Sexual Harassment and Psychological Distress Experienced by Women Police: The Role of Embitterment and Psychological Contract Breach (Policing)

Project contact: Jacqueline Drew

The Organisational and Cultural Challenges of Leading a Police Force (Leadership Behaviours for Effective Policing: The Service Speaks)

Project contact: Sarah Charman

Officer Diversity May Reduce Black Americans' Fear of Police (Criminology)

Project contact: Justin Nix

'The Bar is Different as a Woman.' A Thematic Analysis of Entrance and Promotions Advice Given by Female Police Officers (Policing: A Journal of Policy & Practice)

Project contacts: Kathleen Padilla & Jessie Huff

30 X 30 Initiative: Seeking to Improve Public Safety and Transform Departments by Advancing Women in Policing (Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice)

Project contact: Mo McGough

What Works and What Matters to Advance Women in Policing: Lessons Learned from the Field (Police Chief)

Project contact: Mo McGough

Flexible Work Options: Address Staffing Challenges and Build a Department that Reflects your Community (Police Chief)

Project contact: Tanya Meisenholder

Becoming a Learning Organization for Recruitment (Police Chief)

Project contacts: Jeremy Wilson, Clifford Grammich & Terry Cherry

Reframing the Police Staffing Challenge: A Systems Approach to Workforce Planning and Managing Workload Demand (Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice)

Project contacts: Jeremy Wilson & Clifford Grammich

Recruitment, Deployment, Promotion, and Attrition of Female Officers: The Impact on Staffing and Perceptions of Police Practice (Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice)

Project contact: Toby Miles-Johnson

Flexible Education Reform and Iceland’s Police Staffing Crisis (Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice)

Project contact: Guðmundur Oddsson

“I Really Felt Wanted”: Police Recruitment Strategies Within a Competitive Labor Market (Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice)

Project contacts: Ashleigh Wojslawowicz, Anthony Gibson & Terry Cherry

Ask the Women in Blue: Female Officers’ Thoughts on the Recruitment and Retention of Women in Policing (Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice)

Project contacts: Rachael Rief & Samantha Clinkinbeard

Leaving So Soon? An Analysis of Withdrawal Patterns from Academy Training (Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice)

Project contact: Ann Marie Ryan

Does Prior Military and/or Law Enforcement Experience Influence Officer Retention? A Case Study of the Charleston Police Department (Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice)

Project contacts: Bradley O'Guinn & Anthony Gibson

Staffing Levels Are the Most Important Factor Influencing Police Response Times (Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice)

Project contacts: Scott Mourtgos, Ian Adams & Justin Nix

Recruiting, Retaining, and Advancing Women in Policing: Lessons Learned from the IAWP Gender-Responsive Policing Summit

Project contacts: Jessie Huff, Samantha Clinkinbeard, & Rachael Rief

2023

Police Recruitment and Selection: Resources and Lessons for Workforce Building (COPS Office)

     Project contact: Jeremy Wilson & Clifford Grammich

"A Panel of Good ol' Boys": Women Navigating the Police Promotions Process (American Journal of Criminal Justice)

     Project contact: Natalie Todak

Gauging the Impact of Negative Media Publicity on Career Decisions: Exploring Police Recruit Motivations During a Recruitment Crisis (Policing: An International Journal)

     Project contact: Ashleigh Wojslawowicz

Best Practices for Optimizing Law Enforcement Job Descriptions to Recruit Diverse Candidates (RTI International)

     Project contact: Jenn Rineer

Factors Promoting and Inhibiting Use of Wellness Resources Among Police: A Mixed-Methods Study (Police Quarterly)

     Project contact: Kathleen Padilla

Police Recruitment Videos and Their Relevance for Attracting Officers (Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice)

     Project contact: Rylan Simpson

The Path to an Inclusive and Representative Agency (Police Chief)

    Project contacts: Anthony Gibson & Terry Cherry

How Do Law Enforcement Agencies Recruit Diverse Applicants? Analysis of Digital Recruiting Materials (International Journal of Police Science & Management)

      Project contact: Jenn Rineer

The Law Enforcement Leadership Pipeline: The Pipeline Components (The Georgia Police Chief)

     Project contact: Marshall Jones

Attrition Rates: Stemming the Tide (Police)

     Project contacts: Sarah Charman & Jemma Tyson

A Letter to the American Public: Where Have the Police Gone? (Police1)

     Project contact: Terry Cherry

Preference for Group-based Social Hierarchy and the Reluctance to Accept Women as Equals in Law Enforcement (Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory)

     Project contact: Russell Hassan

Survey Results Indicate Urgent Need for Comprehensive Workload Analysis and Service Delivery Revamp (Police1)

     Project contact: Jon Shane

Turnover in Large US Policing Agencies Following the George Floyd Protests (Journal of Criminal Justice)

     Project contacts: Ian Adams, Scott Mourtgos & Justin Nix

Leaving the Table: Organisational (In)justice and the Relationship with Police Officer Retention (Criminology & Criminal Justice)

     Project contacts: Jemma Tyson & Sarah Charman

Universal and Sex-Normed Benchmarks in Police Physical Fitness Requirements: A Factorial Vignette Design (Women & Criminal Justice)

     Project contact: Michael Aiello

A Mixed-Methods Evaluation of the Phoenix Crime Gun Liaison Program: Leveraging Patrol Officers for Investigations (Justice Evaluation Journal)

     Project contact: Jessie Huff

A Qualitative Exploration of Stress in a Criminal Investigations Section (Police Practice and Research)

     Project contacts: Kathleen Padilla & Jessie Huff

Recruiting Women Into Policing: Experimentally Testing the Effectiveness of Recruiting Materials (Policing: A Journal of Policy and Pratice)

      Project contact: Jenn Rineer

Creating a Nexus Between Workload and Costs: A Case Study from Ocean View PD (Police1)

     Project contact: Marshall Jones

The Law Enforcement Leadership Pipeline: A Blueprint for Retention (The Georgia Police Chief)

     Project contact: Marshall Jones

Parallel Lines: The Homogenous and Gendered Career Patterns of Senior Leaders in Policing in England and Wales (Police Practice and Research)

     Project contact: Sarah Charman

Solving the Police Workload and Budget Problem (ICMA)

Project contact: Jon Shane

Leadership for Wellness: A Strategy for Developing Police and Public Safety Leaders (Australian Institute of Police Management)

Project contact: Jacqueline Drew

Mental health and wellness initiatives supporting United States law enforcement personnel: The current state-of-play (Journal of Community Safety & Well-Being)

Project contract: Jacqueline Drew

Doing More with Less? Assessing the Cost Efficiency of US Local Police Organizations (Applied Economics Letters)

Project contact: Erik Alda

Over and Out: The Damaged and Conflicting Identities of Officers Voluntarily Resigning from the Police Service (Policing and Society)

Project contacts: Sarah Charman & Jemma Tyson

Issues of Merit and Affirmative Action in Police Promotion Systems. (Gender Inclusive Policing: Challenges and Achievements. Advances in Theory and Practice)

Project Contract: Jacqueline Drew

Affirmative Action Recruitment Strategies in Australian Policing: Three Case Studies (Gender Inclusive Policing: Challenges and Achievements. Advances in Theory and Practice)

Project Contract: Jacqueline Drew

“Insufficient Guidance and a Lack of Preparation”: Police Academy Training and the Reality of Police Work (Journal of Criminology)

Project contact: Toby Miles-Johnson

Police Retention: A Systematic Review of the Research (Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice)

Project contacts: Jeremy Wilson, Clifford Grammich, Terry Cherry, & Anthony Gibson

Memphis Police Numbers Dropped By Nearly a Quarter in Recent Years - Were Staffing Shortages a Factor in the Killing of Tyre Nichols? (The Conversation)

Project contact: Ian Adams

If the Face Fits: Predicting Future Promotions From Police Cadets' Facial Traits (Journal of Experimental Criminology)

Project contact: Ian Adams

A Descriptive Study of Police Officer Access to Mental Health Services (Journal of Police & Criminal Psychology)

     Project contact: Kathleen Padilla

Learning the Lessons: Developing a Model Program for Gender-Inclusive Policing (Gender Inclusive Policing: Challenges and Achievements. Advances in Theory and Practice.)

Project Contract: Jacqueline Drew
2022

Elevated Police Turnover Following the Summer Of George Floyd Protests: A Synthetic Control Study. (Criminology & Public Policy)

Project contacts: Ian Adams & Scott Mourtgos

Recruiting for Change: Shifting Focus to Address a Workforce Crisis (Police Practice and Research: An International Journal)

Project contact: Terry Cherry

Staffing Composition in Large, US Police Departments: Benchmarking Workforce Diversity. (Policing: An International Journal)

Project contacts: Jeremy Wilson & Clifford Grammich

Promoting Women Police Officers: Does Exam Format Matter? (Police Quarterly)

Project contact: Natalie Todak

Procedural Justice and Demographic Diversity: A Quasi-Experimental Study of Police Recruitment (Police Quarterly)

     Project contact: Michael Aiello

Conflict and Cooperation within Police Units: The Importance of Manager Inclusiveness (Public Management Review)

     Project contact: Russell Hassan

10 Steps for Recruiting More Women Police (Police Chief Magazine)

     Project contact: Jenn Rineer

Police Reform Needs Women: Gender Equity as Cultural Change (Rethinking and Reforming American Policing)

Project contacts: Samantha Clinkinbeard & Rachael Rief

“Being Diverse and Being Included, Don’t Go Together in Policing”: Diversity, Inclusion, and Australian Constables (Societies)

Project contact: Toby Miles-Johnson

Conflict and Cooperation in Police Units: The Importance of Manager Inclusiveness (Public Management Review)

     Project contact: Russell Hassan

Unpacking the Police Patrol Shift: Observations and Complications of “Electronically” Riding Along with Police (Crime Science)

     Project contact: Rylan Simpson

Education, Training, and Police Reform. Rethinking and Reforming (American Policing)

Project contact: Gary Cordner

Exploring The Value of Mentorship for Women Police Officers (Policing: An International Journal)

Project contact: Natalie Todak

Inclusion Capital: How Police Officers Are Included in Their Workplaces (Societies)

Project contact: Kate Linklater

Is a Seat at the Table Sufficient? Specialized Unit Participation and Perspectives of Female Law Enforcement Officers. (Police Practice and Research: An International Journal)

Project contact: Terry Cherry

Linking the Workforce Crisis, Crime, and Response Time (Police Chief)

Project contact: Ian Adams

Policing is Not For Me: Repelling Factors Implicated in Vocational Choice Elimination (Policing and Society)

Project contact: Ann Marie Ryan

Reframing the Police Staffing Challenge: Strategies for Meeting Workload Demand. (Community Policing Dispatch)

Project contact: Jeremy Wilson

"Rorting the System": Police Detectives, Diversity, and Workplace Advantage (Societies)

Project contacts: Toby Miles-Johnson, Kate Linklater

Taking The Strain? Police Wellbeing in the COVID-19 Era (The Police Journal)

Project contact: Sarah Charman

The Benefits and Supervisory Styles of Women Police Leaders (Feminist Criminology)

Project contact: Natalie Todak

The Impact of Active Bystander Training on Officer Confidence and Ability to Address Ethical Challenges (Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice)

Project contact: Gary Cordner

"Well Boys, Welcome to the New Law Enforcement": Reactions to Women on Elite Specialty Units (Women & Criminal Justice)

Project contact: Natalie Todak

Work Engagement, Burnout and the Motivation to Serve among Law Enforcement Officers during COVID-19 Pandemic and Community Protests in the United States (Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice)

Project contact: Russell Hassan
2021

Preventing Attrition Among Women and Minority Police Applicants (Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice)

     Project contact: Jennifer Gibbs

Voluntary Resignations From the Police Service: The Impact of Organisational and Occupational Stressors on Organisational Commitment (Policing and Society)

Project contact: Sarah Charman

Facilitating Learning to Improve Performance of Law Enforcement Workgroups: The Role of Inclusive Leadership Behavior. International Public Management Journal, 24(1), 106-130, 2021.

     Project Contact: Russell Hassan

Policing during a global health pandemic: Exploring stress and wellbeing of police and their families. Journal of Community Safety and Well-Being, 6(3), 104-111, 2021.

Project contact: Jacqueline Drew

Why Did You Become a Police Officer? Entry-Related Motives and Concerns of Women and Men in Policing. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 48(6), 715–733, 2021.

Project contacts: Samantha Clinkinbeard & Rachael Rief

A national study of police mental health in the United States: Stigma, Mental Health and Help-seeking Behaviors. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 36, 295-306, 2021.

Project contact: Jacqueline Drew

Are Women Opting Out? A Mixed Methods Study of Women Police Officers’ Interest in Promotion. Feminist Criminology, Vol. 16(5) 658 – 679, 2021.

Project contact: Natalie Todak

Arresting The Recruitment Crisis. City Journal, Vol. 344: 4–5, 2021.

Project contact: Ian Adams

Comparative Perceptions: How Female Officers in Two Australian Police Organizations View Policing of Diverse People. Police Practice and Research: An International Journal, Vol. 22(3): 1294-1313, 2021.

Project contact: Toby Miles-Johnson

Developing an Evidence-Based Police Recruitment Video. International Association of Chiefs of Police, 2021.

Project contacts: Terry Cherry & Anthony Gibson

Evidence-Based Policing: A Foundation for Strategic Recruitment, Vol. 14(12), 2021.

Project contacts: Terry Cherry, Anthony Gibson

Facilitating Learning to Improve the Effectiveness of Law Enforcement Workgroups: The Role of Inclusive Leadership Behavior. International Public Management Journal, 24, 106-130.

Project contact: Russell Hassan

Humane Police and Soft Policing in Rural Areas. Journal of the Icelandic Sociological Society, Vol. 12(1): 41-61.

Project contact: Guðmundur Oddsson

Jacks (and Jills) of All Trades: The Gentle Art of Policing Rural Iceland. Nordic Journal of Criminology, Vol. 22(2): 129-148, 2021.

Project contact: Guðmundur Oddsson

Police Training in Baltimore During The Pandemic. European Law Enforcement Research Bulletin (Special Conference Edition No. 5): 187-195, 2021.

Project contact: Gary Cordner

Policing Between Minorities: ‘Asian-Australian’ Police Recruits and Policing of the LGBT Community. Police Practice And Research: An International Journal, Vol. 22(1): 290-307, 2021.

Project contact: Toby Miles-Johnson

Policing Minority Communities: How Perception of Engagement and Level of ‘Awareness’ Influence Officer Attitudes Toward Practice. Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 10(2): 70, 2021.

Project contact: Toby Miles-Johnson

Recruitment and Retention for Workforce Diversity. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing and International Association of Chiefs of Police, 2021.

Project contacts: Jeremy Wilson

The Critical Role of Communication in Recruitment of Police Officers, Handbook of Policing, Communication, and Society. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 47-56, 2021.

Project contact: Jeremy Wilson

Recruiting Amidst Crisis: Exploring Police Recruit Motivations in a Psot-Ferguson Era (Proquest Dissertations)

     Project contact: Ashleigh Wojslawowicz

What Works: The Social Science Research Behind Advancing Women in Policing. Recruitment & Assessment, 30X30 Initiative. 2021

Project contact: Maureen McGough
2020

Low Police-Public Social Distance as the Key to Recruiting (Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice)

Project contact: Jennifer Gibbs

Influential Women? Policing Styles in Online Recruitment Materials (Police Quarterly)

Project contact: Michael Aiello

Who Dreams of Badges? Gendered Self-Concept and Policing Career Aspirations. Feminist Criminology, 15(5), 567-592.

Project contacts: Samantha Clinkinbeard & Rachael Rief

Four Steps to Bringing More Women into Policing: Define, Build, Experiment, and Refine. Police Chief Magazine.

Project contacts: Samantha Clinkinbeard & Rachael Rief

Mental health and wellbeing of police in a health pandemic: Critical issues for police leaders in a post-COVID-19 environment. Journal of Community Safety and Well-Being. 5(2), 31-36.

Project contact: Jacqueline Drew

Warr;or21: A 21-day program to enhance first responder resilience and mental health. Frontiers in Psychology, September 2020.

Project contact: Jacqueline Drew

Innovation and transparency in the recruitment of women in Australian policing. Police Practice and Research: An International Journal.

Project contact: Jacqueline Drew

Compensating for Sexual Identity: How LGB and Heterosexual Officers Perceive Policing of LGBTIQ+ People. The Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, Vol. 36(2): 251-273, 2020.

Project contacts: Toby Miles-Johnson, Kate Linklater

Iceland as a Microcosm of the Effects of Educational Reforms on the Social Background of Police Students. The Making of a Police Officer: Comparative Perspectives On Police Education And Recruitment, 81-95, 2020.

Project contact: Guðmundur Oddsson

Is Policing Becoming a Tainted Profession? Media, Public Perceptions, and Implications. Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 41(7), 606-621, 2020.

Project contact: Ann Marie Ryan
2019 & Earlier

A Typological Approach to Studying Policing (Policing and Society)

     Project contact: Rylan Simpson

Diversifying the Police Applicant Pool: Motivations of Women and Minority Candidates Seeking Police Employment (Criminal Justice Studies: A Critical Journal of Crime, Law and Society)

     Project contact: Jennifer Gibbs

Gendered messages in police recruitment: Understanding the impacts of descriptors and physical fitness requirements on potential applicants. Policing: An International Journal, 42(3), 455-473, 2019.

     Project contact: Michael Aiello

Navigating the police promotion system: A comparison by gender of moving up the ranks. Police Practice and Research: An International Journal, 21(5), 476-490, 2019.

Project contact: Jacqueline Drew

Staffing and Workload Analysis for the Norwood (OH) Police Department. University of Cincinnati Institute of Crime Science. 2019

Project contact: Nick Corsaro

Policing Diverse People: How Occupational Attitudes and Background Characteristics Shape Police Recruits’ Perceptions. Sage Open, Vol. 9(3): 1-13, 2019.

Project contact: Toby Miles-Johnson

Police Recruit Perception of Transgender Officers: Inclusion, Diversity, and Transgender People. Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice, Vol. 6(3): 189-201, 2019.

Project contact: Toby Miles-Johnson

The Prevalence of Female Representation in Supervisory and Management Positions in American Law Enforcement: An Examination of Organizational Correlates. Women & Criminal Justice, 29(3) 129-147, 2019.

Project contact: Natalie Todak

Weathering the Storm! The Effects of the External Environment on Police Efficiency in Peru. Policing: An International Journal, Vol. 42(6): 1124-1140, 2019.

Project contact: Erik Alda

Investigating Perceptions of Race and Ethnic Diversity Among Prospective Police Officers. Police Practice & Research, Vol. 19(5) 490-504, 2018.

Project contact: Natalie Todak

Patrol Deployment Allocation Analysis for the University of Cincinnati Police Division. University of Cincinnati Department of Public Safety. 2018

Project contact: Nick Corsaro

Police Recruits and Perceptions of Trust in Diverse Communities. Police Practice and Research: An International Journal, 19(4): 311-328, 2018.

Project contact: Toby Miles-Johnson

Evidence-Based Police Education and Training in the United States,” European Police Science and Research Bulletin (Special Conference Edition No. 3): 71-78, 2017.

Project contact: Gary Cordner

The Decision to Become a Police Officer in a Legitimacy Crisis. Women & Criminal Justice, Vol. 27(4), 250-270, 2017.

Project contact: Natalie Todak

Essentials for Leaders: Police Consolidation and Shared Services: Identifying, Developing and Sharing Lessons. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, 2016.

Project contact: Jeremy Wilson

Contemporary Police Practice. Oxford University Press.

Project contact: Jacqueline Drew

Crime and Staffing Analysis for the Tulsa Police Department: A Final Report. University of Cincinnati Institute of Crime Science. 2015.

Project contact: Nick Corsaro

Police Staffing Levels: Disaggregating the Variation. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, Vol. 38(4): 820-839, 2015.

Project contact: Jeremy Wilson

Human Resource Issues Faced by Small and Large Agencies. The Police Chief Vol. 81(March 2014): 14-15, 2014.

Project contact: Gary Cordner

Integrating Civilian Staff into Police Agencies. US Dept of Justice, Office of Community Policing Services (COPS), 2014.

Project contact: Jeremy Wilson

Police Staffing Allocation and Managing Workload Demand: A Critical Assessment of Existing Practices. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, Vol. 8(2): 96-108, 2014.

Project contact: Jeremy Wilson

Strategies for Police Recruitment: A Review of Trends, Contemporary Issues, and Existing Approaches. Law Enforcement Executive Forum, Vol. 14(1): 78-97, 2014.

Project contact: Jeremy Wilson

Measurement and Association in the Structure of Municipal Police Organizations. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, Special Issue: Police Management and Organizational Issues, Vol. 26(2): 276-297, 2013.

Project contact: Jeremy Wilson

Women police in post-Fitzgerald Queensland: A 20 Year Review. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 72(4), 459-472.

Project contact: Jacqueline Drew

Plugging the Hole in the Staffing Bucket: Strategies for Maximizing the Retention of Police Personnel. Law Enforcement Executive Forum, Vol. 13(1): 1-23, 2013.

Project contact: Jeremy Wilson

Staffing the “Small” Department: Taking Stock of Existing Benchmarks and Promising Approaches. Police Chief, Vol. 80(4): 34-40, 2013.

Project contact: Jeremy Wilson

Expert Report and Testimony on police mental health and wellbeing. Commission of Inquiry into Queensland Police Service responses to domestic and family violence, Brisbane, 2013.

Project contact: Jacqueline Drew

Articulating the Dynamic Police Staffing Challenge: An Examination of Supply and Demand. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, Vol. 35(2): 327-355, 2012.

Project contact: Jeremy Wilson

A Performance-Based Approach to Police Staffing and Allocation. US Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS), 2012.

Project contact: Jeremy Wilson

Essentials for Leaders: A Performance-Based Approach to Police Staffing and Allocation. US Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services(COPS), 2012.

Project contact: Jeremy Wilson

How Many Police Officers Do You Need? A Performance-Based Approach to Police Staffing and Allocation. Community Policing Dispatch, Vol. 5(11), 2012.

Project contact: Jeremy Wilson

Police Workforce Structures: Cohorts, the Economy, and Organizational Performance. Police Quarterly, Vol. 15(3): 283-307, 2012.

Project contact: Jeremy Wilson

Advancing a Police Science: Implications From a National Survey of Police Staffing. Police Quarterly, Vol. 14(3): 277-297, 2011.

Project contact: Jeremy Wilson

Most Wanted: Law Enforcement Agencies Pursue Elusive, Qualified Recruits. RAND Review, Vol. 35(1): 25-29, 2011.

Project contact: Jeremy Wilson

Police Recruitment and Retention for the New Millennium: The State of Knowledge. US Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services(COPS), 2011.

Project contact: Jeremy Wilson

Stuck on a Plateau? Obstacles to Recruitment, Selection, and Retention of Women Police. Police Quarterly, 14(3): 207-226, 2011.

Project contact: Gary Cordner

The Changing Landscape of Police Education and Training. Police Practice & Research: An International Journal 12,4: 281-285, 2011.

Project contact: Gary Cordner

Improving Police Recruitment and Retention. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, RB-9546-DOJ, 2010.

Project contact: Jeremy Wilson

Recruiting and Retaining America’s Finest: Evidence-Based Lessons for Police Workforce Planning. Santa Monica, RAND, MG-960-NIJ, 2010.

Project contact: Jeremy Wilson

Police Recruitment and Retention in the Contemporary Urban Environment: Personnel Experiences and Promising Practices from the Front Lines. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, CFP-261-DOJ, 2009.

Project contact: Jeremy Wilson

Improving Recruitment and Retention in the New Orleans Police Department. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, RB-9243-1-RC, 2007.

Project contact: Jeremy Wilson

Recruitment and Retention: Lessons for the New Orleans Police Department. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, MG-585-RC, 2007.

Project contact: Jeremy Wilson

Police Personnel Crisis Needs Federal Leadership. Washington Post(May 23), 2006.

Project contact: Jeremy Wilson

Examining Applicants' Attributions for Withdrawal From a Selection Procedure. Journal Of Applied Social Psychology, Vol. 32(11), 2228-2252, 2002.

Project contact: Ann Marie Ryan

Applicant Self-Selection: Correlates of Withdrawal From a Multiple Hurdle Process. Journal Of Applied Psychology, Vol. 85(2), 163-179, 2000.

Project contact: Ann Marie Ryan

Using Personality Testing to Reduce Adverse Impact: A Cautionary Note. Journal Of Applied Psychology, 83(2), 298-307, 1998.

Project contact: Ann Marie Ryan

Applicant Withdrawal: The Role of Test-Taking Attitudes and Racial Differences. Personnel Psychology, Vol. 50(4), 855-876, 1997.

Project contact: Ann Marie Ryan

The Police Staffing Observatory (PSO)